The usage of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Science can be characterized as the domain encompassing the usage and interaction of machine learning models, in order to search & uncover insights that could revolutionize health outcomes & enhance patient experiences. Owing to recent advances in the field of computer science technology and informatics, algorithms created with Artificial Intelligence as its basis are being used to propel work in the medical field, in clinical settings, as well as being used in discovering vistas to ongoing research.[1]
Adaptation of AI in Medical Science
In the present scenario, the most ubiquitous role of Artificial Intelligence in the domain and field of Medical Science compose of assistance in image-based analysis and diagnostic support. Furthermore, by way of a clinical decision-supporting tool, medical health professionals critically think about and implement decisions with regard to probable treatment, medication as well as supplements to be administered to a patient. The recent pandemic, COVID-19, which shook the world, also provided a platform to field-test and implement on-ground reality, new Artificial Intelligence-based technologies, which played a pivotal role in monitoring and screening of COVID-19 positive or suspected patients.[2]
There are several dimensions in which Artificial Intelligence has been adopted and embraced by the field of medical science. Firstly, Artificial Intelligence can revamp the way diseases are treated by way of maintenance of a systematized repository that collects, tabulates and interprets past data based on medical experiences and records, and can further, on the basis of the previously synthesized data, provide personalized diseases treatment well catered and suited to the needs of the individual based on several factors unique to the individual such as age, ethnicity, medical history, susceptibility to the disease, etc. Further, Artificial Intelligence can provide round-the-clock assistance vis-a-vis the traditional support system during the clinical treatment of an individual.[3]
Further, in the contemporaneous era, the advent of Artificial Intelligence in the domain and field of Medical Imaging has completely sidetracked the bygone methodologies employed by clinics, by way of provision for artificial neural networks, which are a match with regards to efficacy, compared to their human counterparts. Artificial Intelligence has been instrumental in the detection of several chronic ailments and life-treating diseases in their early stages itself, thus preventing the negative long-term consequences of the disease in general. Artificial Intelligence also plays a pivotal role in increasing the efficacy of clinical trials and accelerating drug development.[4]
Impact of Artificial Intelligence
The Healthcare Industry has been witnessing a significant rise in interest from the general public, attributable to factors such as increased awareness, a myriad of benefits, and other perks that accompany the advent of Artificial Intelligence. There are many the advent of Artificial Intelligence companies catering to every type of healthcare and medical needs by way of testing plans, diagnostics and treatment, suitable in the context that Artificial Intelligence can assist in. Different companies offer various plans that can be customized to the needs and circumstances pertaining to the medical records of the individual.
After a perusal of the need for an Artificial Intelligence assisted treatment, it is imperative that the most feasible and safest plan must be selected in order to maximize benefits for the medical practitioner as well as Artificial Intelligence service providers. In order to partake in an informed decision about the suitability of Artificial Intelligence-based treatment for any person, one must assess whether the current technology assisted by Artificial Intelligence best fits the needs of the potential beneficiary. Thus, Artificial Intelligence has pervaded the daily life of patients as it has made its mark in every step of treatment in the Medical System.[5]
Pros and Cons of AI in Medical Science
When clinician workflows incorporate Medical Artificial Intelligence assisted treatment, it can provide important context for decision-making. By providing clinicians with helpful search results that include evidence-based insights regarding treatments and procedures, a trained machine learning system can reduce the amount of time spent conducting research. According to research on Artificial Intelligence and patient safety, Artificial Intelligence enabled decision support systems can enhance drug management and error detection. Additionally, Artificial Intelligence can assist in delivering round-the-clock care via chat-bots that can offer patients with resources and respond to simple questions while their provider's office is closed. Artificial Intelligence might also be used to prioritize queries and mark data for more examination. Additionally, a key benefit of deep learning is that Artificial Intelligence algorithms may use context to differentiate between various sorts of information.[6]
However, Artificial Intelligence also has evoked concerns regarding the need for human intervention to assist Artificial Intelligence based technologies at several steps throughout the treatment and healthcare process. Certain slights, changes and variations are better analyzed by the human mind as compared to Artificial Intelligence-based technologies. Further, Artificial Intelligence-based technologies may sometimes invariably overlook various social and ethnological variables that materially affect a patient’s diagnosis and further treatment. There are also glaring concerns about the fact that employing Artificial Intelligence based technologies can pave the way for unemployment with the quick replacement of manual labour with systematized machines, in order to increase the cost-efficiency of the treatments in question. There is also a high risk of inaccuracies based on Artificial Intelligence data sets as the data is collated manually, and any error in input variables might materially alter the outcome, which is quickly intercepted by able human minds. Due to its basis in electronic mode, Artificial Intelligence is also susceptible to hacking and security risks and threats.[7]
Utility of AI in Contemporary Scenario
The fourth significant revolution in computer science is thought to have been brought about by the development of artificial intelligence and its subfields. Over the past few decades, Artificial Intelligence and deep learning, have advanced quickly in the field of healthcare. Although some contend that it will still require human oversight and could result in job losses, its effectiveness is precise in domains like diagnosis and research in the contemporary era. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), one of the most precise mathematical assessments of real-world issues, are also used to create deep learning models. However, to build algorithms that may be utilized in the clinic and to make the most of present-day usage, clinicians must comprehend the limitations of algorithms and computer scientists must comprehend clinical data.[8]
Future of Medical Science with AI
Medical technology powered by Artificial Intelligence is quickly developing into useful Clinical Practice Solutions. Deep Learning Algorithms can handle the growing volumes of data produced by mobile monitoring sensors found in wearable devices, smartphones, and other medical devices. Only very narrow clinical practice situations now profit from the application of artificial intelligence, though. A promising area of research and development is the application of artificial intelligence in clinical practice, which is developing quickly alongside other cutting-edge disciplines like precision medicine, genomics, and teleconsultation. Health Policy should now be concentrated on addressing the ethical and financial challenges related to this pillar of the evolution of medicine, while scientific research should continue to be rigorous and transparent in creating new solutions to improve contemporary healthcare.[9]
[1] Stable URL- https://www.ibm.com/in-en/topics/artificial-intelligence-medicine
[2] Ibid.
[3] Supra Note 1.
[4] Ibid.
[5]Stable URL- https://neoteric.eu/blog/benefits-of-ai-in-healthcare/
[6] Ibid.
[7]Stable URL- https://drexel.edu/cci/stories/artificial-intelligence-in-medicine-pros-and-cons/
[8]Stable URL- https://medium.com/mlearning-ai/applications-of-deep-learning-techniques-in-modern-health-care-what-should-we-expect-35166e4b1272
[9]Briganti Giovanni, Le Moine Olivier, Artificial Intelligence In Medicine: Today And Tomorrow, Frontiers In Medicine, Volume-7, URL-https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2020.00027, DOI-10.3389/fmed.2020.00027, ISSN-2296-858x